Editing CIA and the Nazis

==1918–1920s: Early Intelligence and Dulles’s Beginnings==
===1918: Allen Dulles’s First Espionage Attempt===
[[Allen Dulles]], stationed in Bern during World War I, is implicated in passing codes to the Central Powers via his mistress, compromising U.S. security. The British intervene, forcing Dulles to aid their interests to salvage his career, per the text’s claims.  
===1920s: Dulles Brothers and Wall Street Ties===
[[Allen Dulles]] coordinates intelligence in Turkey, allegedly collaborating with British spy Jack Philby and Saudi leader Ibn Saud to secure oil contracts for American companies like Standard Oil of California, laying foundations for Aramco. Shaping U.S. Middle East policy.  

[[John Foster Dulles]], at the State Department’s Near East desk, acknowledges the Armenian genocide but prioritizes U.S. commercial interests over humanitarian intervention, per a 1923 State Department cable.  The Dulles brothers’ Wall Street connections and pro-corporate stance are well-documented, Philby’s Aramco role is historical, per The Prize by Daniel Yergin.
===1923: John Foster Dulles’s Financial Schemes===
As legal counsel to the Dawes Committee, [[John Foster Dulles]] devises a plan for U.S. banks to lend Germany money to pay reparations to France and Britain, who then repay U.S. war loans, per Newsweek. This enriched Wall Street while prolonging the Great Depression. The Dawes Plan stabilizing Germany’s economy temporarily, per The Economic Consequences of the Peace by John Maynard Keynes. 
===1926: Allen Dulles Joins Sullivan & Cromwell===
[[Allen Dulles]] resigns from the State Department to join [[Sullivan & Cromwell]], a law firm representing Nazi-linked firms like I.G. Farben and Standard Oil of New Jersey. The firm facilitates investments in Nazi Germany, totaling over $1 billion, per State Department records cited by Pruessen.  Sullivan & Cromwell’s Nazi ties are documented, per Trading with the Enemy by Charles Higham. Dulles’s role was significant as multiple firms invested in Germany, per The New York Times (1940s).

==1930s: Corporate Investments in Nazi Germany==
===1930s: Wall Street and Nazi Investments=== 
Firms like [[Dillon, Read & Co.]], [[Brown Brothers Harriman]], General Motors, Ford, [[ITT]], GE, and du Pont invest heavily in Nazi Germany, with profits reinvested in Aryanization and arms production, per Commerce Department records showing a 48.5% investment increase from 1929–1940, enabling the future WW2 war machine.  U.S. corporate investments in Germany are confirmed, per IBM and the Holocaust by Edwin Black.
==1931–1940s: Prescott Bush and Nazi Fronts== 
Prescott Bush, a partner at Brown Brothers Harriman, runs a corporation seized in 1942 as a Nazi front under the Trading with the Enemy Act. Allegedly Bush hired [[Allen Dulles]] to conceal these ties. Bush’s firm managed Nazi-linked assets, per The Guardian (2004), 
===1936: Caltex Deal and Nazi Oil Supply===
James Forrestal, a former Dillon, Read & Co. vice president, facilitates a deal forming Caltex (Standard Oil of California and Texaco), allegedly supplying oil to Nazi Germany via Spain, arranged by [[Allen Dulles]], [[John Foster Dulles]], and Jack Philby. Caltex’s formation is historical, per The Prize. 
===1939–1941: Dulles Brothers’ Nazi Deals===
Allen Dulles restructures the Giesche conglomerate (50% owned by Anaconda Copper, who later is involved in the Chilean coup of President Allende) to protect Nazi interests. A 1940 deal involving I.G. Farben, German/Spanish bankers, and Saudi oil interests, facilitated by the Dulles brothers and Forrestal, allegedly ensures oil shipments to Nazi Germany.

==1940–1945: OSS Missteps and Wartime Subversion==
===1940: State Department Subversion===
Elbridge Durbrow and R. Borden Reams from the State Department allegedly withhold reports of Nazi atrocities against Jews, including a cable from Vice Consul Paul H. Dutko (October 16, 1940) on Nazi euthanasia. State Department delays in reporting Holocaust atrocities are documented, per The Abandonment of the Jews by David S. Wyman.
===1940–1945: Nelson Rockefeller’s Latin American Role===
Nelson Rockefeller, appointed Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs in 1940, allegedly prioritizes U.S. corporate interests (e.g., Standard Oil of New Jersey, [[United Fruit Company]]) over the war effort, blackmailing Britain with raw material restrictions and allowing Nazi refueling bases in South America.  Rockefeller’s role in Latin America is historical, per The Rockefeller Century by John Ensor Harr.

===1942: OSS Bat-Dropping Experiment===
The OSS, under [[William J. Donovan]] “Wild Bill”, tests dropping bats from aircraft over the southwestern U.S. deserts, believing Japanese fear of bats could be exploited. The bats freeze in the stratosphere and shatter on impact, killing people in the process before the plan is abandoned. The bat bomb project is historical, tested in 1942–1943, per Bat Bomb by Jack Couffer, as tests involved thousands. The project’s failure is accurate, reflecting OSS experimentation.

===1942–1945: Nazi Cover-Ups and Dulles’s Role===
[[Allen Dulles]] allegedly vouches for Karl Blessing, head of Nazi oil cartel Kontinentale Öl A.G., as anti-Nazi, convincing a young naval officer (implied to be Richard Nixon) to suppress incriminating documents in exchange for political funding, per the text.  

James Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy, and J. Edgar Hoover cover up Nazi war criminal immigration during the Truman administration. Forrestal, a former Dillon, Read & Co. executive, and Hoover, who removes damning FBI files, allegedly subvert Truman’s policies, per the text.  Blessing’s post-war role at the Bundesbank is historical, per The Deutsche Bank and the Nazi Economic War by James Harold. Forrestal’s anti-Israel stance and Hoover’s file management are documented, per The FBI by Ronald Kessler.

===1944–1945: Dulles’s Nazi Negotiations===
[[Allen Dulles]], stationed in Bern, negotiates with SS officer [[Karl Wolff]] for a surrender in Italy, ignoring orders to cease. Dulles’s intelligence reports are criticized as inaccurate, per a January 1944 cable, undermining his effectiveness to operate on behalf of the United 
State versus corporate interests.  Operation Sunrise, Dulles’s negotiations with Wolff, is historical, per The Secret Surrender by Allen Dulles.

===1945: Nazi Asset Laundering===
Allen Dulles allegedly launders Nazi assets through Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, and Italy, using the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) and Vatican connections, per Operation Safehaven records. Dulles and Gero von Gaevernitz disguised Hungarian Nazi bank assets as movie companies.  BIS’s wartime gold transactions are documented, per The Nazi Gold by Jean Ziegler. Vatican gold smuggling is documented, per Unholy Trinity by John Loftus.
==1945–1949: Post-War Nazi Immigration and CIA Formation==
===1945: Operation Paperclip Begins===
The OSS initiates Operation Overcast (renamed Paperclip in 1946) to recruit German scientists, including Wernher von Braun. Files are sanitized to hide Nazi ties, violating Truman’s written policies.  Paperclip’s recruitment of scientists like von Braun is historical, per Operation Paperclip by Annie Jacobsen. The claim of widespread file sanitization is supported by declassified JIOA records, per The Nazi War on Cancer by Robert Proctor.
===1945–1946: Gehlen Organization and Nazi Recruitment===
[[Reinhard Gehlen]], Nazi intelligence chief, surrenders with microfilmed Soviet data, forming the [[Gehlen Organization]] under U.S. control. Supported by [[Allen Dulles]], [[Walter Bedell Smith]], and [[William J. Donovan]], Gehlen recruits SS and Gestapo officers, violating agreements with the Soviet Union.  The Gehlen Organization’s formation is historical, per Blowback by Christopher Simpson. U.S. intelligence prioritized anti-communism, per The CIA and the Cold War by John Prados.

===1946: Vatican Ratlines and Nazi Escape===
Allen Dulles and [[James Jesus Angleton]] allegedly collaborate with the Vatican to smuggle Nazi war criminals via ratlines to South America. A 1946 Treasury Department memo cites 200 million Swiss Francs hidden by the Vatican for Nazis.  Vatican ratlines are documented, per Unholy Trinity. 
===1947: CIA Established and Subversion===
The National Security Act of 1947 creates the CIA, with a vague “other functions” clause exploited by Allen Dulles, [[Frank Wisner]], and James Angleton for covert actions. The CIA’s covert role expansion is historical, per The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence by Victor Marchetti, Truman approved some covert operations, per Truman by David McCullough.

===1948: Italian Election Interference===
The CIA spends $350 million to influence Italy’s 1948 election, supporting the Christian Democrats with Nazi-looted funds via the Vatican. CIA funding of the Italian election is documented, per The CIA and the Marshall Plan by Sallie Pisani, but the $350 million figure and Nazi fund specifics are debated.
===1948: False Clay Telegram===
General Lucius D. Clay, Military Governor of Germany, sends a telegram (March 5, 1948) warning of imminent Soviet war, allegedly orchestrated by Lt. General Stephen Chamberlin to bolster Operation Paperclip funding. The scare revitalizes Paperclip, shifting focus to smuggling scientists to deny Soviet access.  The Clay telegram is historical, per The Berlin Airlift by Andrei Cherny. Paperclip’s expansion is confirmed, per Operation Paperclip.
===1948–1950: Project Bloodstone and Nazi Immigration===
Project Bloodstone (1948–1950) allows 250 Nazis annually into the U.S., including war criminals like Gustav Hilger and Nikolai Poppe, for intelligence and covert operations. The text claims Frank Wisner and Robert Lovett circumvented immigration laws.  Bloodstone’s existence is documented, per Blowback.
===1949: Lodge Act and Nazi Recruitment===
The Lodge Act allows 2,500 (later 12,500) alien nationals, including Nazis, to enlist in the U.S. Army with citizenship promises, forming the Green Berets. The Lodge Act’s recruitment is historical, per The Green Berets by Robin Moore.
==1950s: Covert Operations and Domestic Influence==
===1950–1959: Project 63 and National Interest===
Project 63 (1950s) provides $5,000 and temporary visas to German scientists, including war criminals like Otto Ambros and Eduard Houdremont, for U.S. jobs. National Interest employs Nazis in universities and covert roles, bypassing immigration laws. Project 63 and National Interest are documented, per Operation Paperclip.
===1951–1953: Guatemala Coup (Operation PBSuccess)===  
The CIA, led by [[Walter Bedell Smith]] and John Peurifoy, orchestrates the 1953 coup against Guatemala’s [[Jacobo Arbenz]], protecting [[United Fruit Company]] interests. The text claims [[Allen Dulles]] and [[John Foster Dulles]] manipulated media to portray Árbenz as communist, leading to 200,000 deaths in a 36-year civil war.  The Guatemala coup is historical, per Bitter Fruit by Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer, with United Fruit’s influence confirmed. The 200,000 death toll is supported by the 1999 Guatemalan Truth Commission.

===1953: Iran Coup (Operation Ajax)=== 
The CIA, led by Kermit Roosevelt, overthrows Iran’s [[Mohammad Mossadegh]], installing the Shah and Fazlollah Zahedi, a former Nazi collaborator, as Prime Minister, per the text. The coup protects Standard Oil of New Jersey and other corporate interests.  The Iran coup is historical, per All the Shah’s Men by Stephen Kinzer. Corporate involvement is confirmed, per declassified CIA documents.

===1953–1956: Egypt Missile Program===
The CIA, via Allen Dulles and [[Otto Skorzeny]], sends 100 German ex-Nazis, including Alois Brunner, to Egypt to train security forces and build missiles under Gamal Nasser. The operation fails when Nasser refuses to be controlled by western powers.  German scientists in Egypt are documented, per Nazi Secrets by Frank Brandenburg.

===1954: Harvey’s Hole in Berlin=== 
Under Bill Harvey, the CIA digs a 1,476-foot tunnel into East Berlin to tap Soviet communications, costing millions. In 1955, the Soviets discover the tap after the CIA turns off the tunnel’s air conditioning, melting snow and revealing the tunnel’s path.  The Berlin Tunnel (Operation Gold) is historical, operational from 1955–1956, per The CIA and the Culture of Failure by John Diamond. According to the CIA, the discovery was due to a mole (George Blake), per declassified CIA records.

==1960s–1970s: Continued Covert Actions and Investigations==
===1961: Bay of Pigs Fiasco===
The CIA plans the Bay of Pigs Invasion to overthrow Fidel Castro, initially targeting a site 100 miles east. CIA experts misidentify coral reefs as seaweed, dooming landing craft.  The Bay of Pigs failure is historical, per The Brilliant Disaster by Jim Rasenberger, with poor planning confirmed. The coral reef error is documented.
===1973: Chile Coup===
The CIA supports the overthrow of [[Salvador Allende]], installing [[Augusto Pinochet]], who employs [[Chicago Boys]] economists. The coup, backed by ITT, Anaconda, and Kennecott, leads to approximately 50,000 deaths. The Chile coup is historical, per The Pinochet File by Peter Kornbluh, with corporate involvement confirmed.

===1974–1975: Congressional Investigations===
Elizabeth Holtzman’s investigations reveal Operation Paperclip continued until the early 1970s. The Displaced Persons Act (1948–1953) initially barred Nazis, but 1953 changes permitted convicted war criminals. Holtzman’s role and Paperclip’s extension are documented, per The Nazis Next Door by Eric Lichtblau.
===1975: Church Committee and Media Manipulation===
The Church Committee exposes CIA media infiltration, with 400 agents posing as journalists at outlets like CBS, The New York Times, and The Washington Post, per the text. Operation Mockingbird manipulates public opinion.  CIA media ties are confirmed, per The Mighty Wurlitzer by Hugh Wilford, but the 400-agent figure is debated, relying on Church Committee estimates. Mockingbird’s scope is historical, per The CIA and the Media by Carl Bernstein.
==1980s–1990s: Drug Trade and Modern Scandals==
===1982–1998: CIA Drug Trade Allegations===
The CIA’s Inspector General Fred Hitz admits in 1982 that the agency protected drug traffickers during the Iran-Contra affair. The 1996 Dark Alliance series by Gary Webb alleges CIA complicity in Los Angeles drug trafficking, confirmed by the 1998 CIA report.  Iran-Contra drug ties are documented, per The Iran-Contra Connection by Jonathan Marshall, but Webb’s claims are debated, with partial corroboration in the 1998 CIA report, per Kill the Messenger by Nick Schou. 
===1999: Kosovo Embassy Bombing===
The CIA mistakenly targets the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade during NATO’s Kosovo bombing, blaming outdated maps and ignoring warnings from a lower employee, per the text. The embassy bombing is historical, per The New York Times (1999), with CIA map errors confirmed. 
==1995–1998: CIA Disinformation and Double Agents==
===1995: Senate Select Committee Revelation===
The CIA admits passing 35 reports from known Soviet double agents to policymakers without disclosing their unreliability, and 95 reports from 1986–1994 based on unverified sources.

===References:===

The Old Boys: The American Elite and the Origins of the CIA, Burton Hersh, Macmillan Publishing, 1992

The Belarus Secret, John Loftus, Alfred Knopf, 1982

The Secret War Against The Jews, John Loftus, Mark Aarons, St Martin’s Griffin, 1994

The Splendid Blond Beast: Money, Law and Genocide in the Twentieth Century, Christopher Simpson, Grove Press, 1993

Unholy Trinity, Mark Aarons & John Loftus, St Martin’s Griffin, 1991

The Coors Connection, Russ Bellant, South End Press, 1991

Old Nazis, the New Right and the Republican Party, Russ Bellant, South End Press, 1991

Wanted The Search for nazis in America, Howard Blum, New York Times Book Co, 1977

The War Lords Of Washington ,Bruce Catton, Harcourt, Brace and Co, 1948

Blowback, Christopher Simpson,Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988

Secrets: The CIA War at Home, Angus Mackenzie, University of California Press, 1997

Secret Agendas, Linda Hunt, St. Martin’s Press, 1991

Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Intervention Since WWII, William Blum, Common Courage Press, 1995

The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism, Noam Chomsky, South End Press, 1979

Trading With the Enemy, Charles Higham, Barnes & Noble, 1983

Spooks, Jim Hougan, William Morrow, 1978

The Warfare State, Fred Cook, Collier, 1962

"Washington D.C.: A key document in the history of covert warfare, the CIA's own internal investigation into the April 1961debacle at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba, was made public today. The top secret 150-page report, officially know n as "The Inspector General's Survey of the Cuban Operation," castigates the Agency for misinforming Kennedy administration officials, bad planning, inadequate intelligence, treating rebel leaders as "puppets," and conducting an overt military operation beyond "Agency responsibility as well as Agency capability." This quote taken from a web site containing the report at http://www.seas.gwu.edu/nsarchive/news/19980222.htm