Editing James Jesus Angleton (section)

==Connections to Operation Gladio== 
Angleton’s connection to [[Operation Gladio]] NATO’s clandestine stay-behind networks to counter Soviet invasion, is plausible but indirect, rooted in his OSS and CIA roles in Italy and anti-communist operations:

- OSS Foundations (1944–1947): In Italy, Angleton recruited anti-communists, including ex-fascists like Valerio Borghese, aligning with early Gladio planning to arm stay-behind units, per *NATO’s Secret Armies* by Daniele Ganser. OSS records (National Archives) show his role in anti-communist networks but do not explicitly mention Gladio.

- CIA and Italian Intelligence (1950s–1970s): As counterintelligence chief, Angleton collaborated with Italy’s SIFAR and SID, including Federico Umberto D’Amato, a Gladio figure. He funded the Christian Democratic Party to counter the Italian Communist Party (PCI), supporting Gladio’s anti-communist goals, as noted in *The CIA in Western Europe* by Alfred McCoy. His ties to [[Licio Gelli]] of the [[Propaganda Due P2]] Masonic Lodge, a Gladio-linked group, suggest peripheral involvement in Italy’s [[“Strategy of Tension”]] (1960s–1980s), though a 1990 Italian parliamentary report does not name him.

- Crypto AG Support: Angleton initiated Operation Rubicon, securing CIA access to [[Crypto AG]] in 1970, enabling surveillance of NATO allies, including Italy, per a 2020 *Washington Post* report. This likely aided Gladio’s secure communications, but no evidence confirms direct use.