Editing Brazilian Advanced War College (section)

===ESG’s Connection to the CIA===
U.S. Training and Funding: The ESG received U.S. support through the 1952 Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement, including training materials, advisors, and funding for officer exchanges. CIA-backed programs at the SOA, where ESG instructors trained, disseminated counterinsurgency tactics, as noted in 1960s U.S. Army manuals found in Paraguayan archives.

CIA’s Role in 1964 Coup: The CIA supported the 1964 coup against João Goulart, providing intelligence and contingency plans (Operation Brother Sam). ESG-trained officers, including Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, the first military president (1964–1967), were central to the coup, reflecting shared U.S.-ESG anti-communist goals. A CIA National Intelligence Survey on Brazil (1970s) underscores U.S. interest in Brazil’s military elite, many of whom were ESG alumni.

Condor Facilitation: The CIA’s technical support for Condor, such as computers and Condortel, involved Brazilian officers trained at the ESG or SOA. The ESG’s promotion of hemispheric defense aligned with CIA-backed initiatives, like the [[Conference of American Armies (CAA)]], which fostered Condor’s intelligence-sharing framework.