Editing John Foster Dulles (section)

==Introduction==
John Foster Dulles (1888–1959) was an American diplomat and lawyer who served as U.S. Secretary of State from 1953 to 1959 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. A staunch anti-communist, he shaped U.S. foreign policy during the early Cold War, promoting a strategy of “containment” and “massive retaliation” to counter the Soviet Union. Dulles was instrumental in forming alliances like NATO and SEATO, negotiating the Japanese Peace Treaty (1951), and supporting the Eisenhower Doctrine to counter Soviet influence in the Middle East. His aggressive stance, including brinkmanship, often escalated tensions, notably during the Korean War armistice and the Suez Crisis. Before his tenure as Secretary of State, he served as a U.S. Senator from New York (1949) and advised on the United Nations’ formation. Dulles died of cancer in 1959. His brother, Allen Dulles, was CIA Director during the same period.