Editing Allen Dulles (section)

==Clandestine Operations History==

Allen Dulles, the longest-serving CIA Director (1953–1961), was a pivotal figure in U.S. clandestine operations during the Cold War, orchestrating covert actions that shaped global politics. His involvement began in World War II as OSS station chief in Bern, Switzerland, where he ran intelligence networks and negotiated Operation Sunrise, securing a German surrender in Italy while controversially shielding SS General Karl Wolff from Nuremberg prosecution. Post-war, Dulles helped establish the CIA and led operations like Operation Ajax (1953 Iranian coup) and the 1954 Guatemalan coup, toppling governments to counter communism. He oversaw Project MKUltra, a mind-control program, and the failed Bay of Pigs invasion (1961), leading to his dismissal by JFK. Dulles’s role in Operation Paperclip facilitated the escape of Nazi war criminals, and his [[Propaganda Due P2]] Masonic lodge ties suggest deeper European influence. His Warren Commission appointment raised questions about covering up CIA activities.